Common/Network: Get rid of out parameters for MAC address utilities

Given we have std::array and std::optional, we can use these in
conjunction with one another to avoid the need for out parameters.

Source/Core/Common/Network.cpp

@@ -2,67 +2,75 @@
 // Licensed under GPLv2+
 // Refer to the license.txt file included.
 
+#include "Common/Network.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
 #include <cctype>
 #include <cstring>
 #include <ctime>
 
-#include "Common/Network.h"
 #include "Common/Random.h"
 #include "Common/StringUtil.h"
 
 namespace Common
 {
-void GenerateMacAddress(const MACConsumer type, u8* mac)
+MACAddress GenerateMacAddress(const MACConsumer type)
 {
-  memset(mac, 0, MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE);
+  constexpr std::array<u8, 3> oui_bba{{0x00, 0x09, 0xbf}};
+  constexpr std::array<u8, 3> oui_ios{{0x00, 0x17, 0xab}};
 
-  u8 const oui_bba[] = {0x00, 0x09, 0xbf};
+  MACAddress mac{};
-  u8 const oui_ios[] = {0x00, 0x17, 0xab};
 
   switch (type)
   {
   case MACConsumer::BBA:
-    memcpy(mac, oui_bba, 3);
+    std::copy(oui_bba.begin(), oui_bba.end(), mac.begin());
     break;
   case MACConsumer::IOS:
-    memcpy(mac, oui_ios, 3);
+    std::copy(oui_ios.begin(), oui_ios.end(), mac.begin());
     break;
   }
 
   // Generate the 24-bit NIC-specific portion of the MAC address.
-  Common::Random::Generate(&mac[3], 3);
+  Random::Generate(&mac[3], 3);
+  return mac;
 }
 
-std::string MacAddressToString(const u8* mac)
+std::string MacAddressToString(const MACAddress& mac)
 {
   return StringFromFormat("%02x:%02x:%02x:%02x:%02x:%02x", mac[0], mac[1], mac[2], mac[3], mac[4],
                           mac[5]);
 }
 
-bool StringToMacAddress(const std::string& mac_string, u8* mac)
+std::optional<MACAddress> StringToMacAddress(const std::string& mac_string)
 {
-  bool success = false;
+  if (mac_string.empty())
-  if (!mac_string.empty())
+    return {};
-  {
-    int x = 0;
-    memset(mac, 0, MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE);
 
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < mac_string.size() && x < (MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE * 2); ++i)
+  int x = 0;
+  MACAddress mac{};
+
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < mac_string.size() && x < (MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE * 2); ++i)
+  {
+    char c = tolower(mac_string.at(i));
+    if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
     {
-      char c = tolower(mac_string.at(i));
+      mac[x / 2] |= (c - '0') << ((x & 1) ? 0 : 4);
-      if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
+      ++x;
-      {
+    }
-        mac[x / 2] |= (c - '0') << ((x & 1) ? 0 : 4);
+    else if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
-        ++x;
+    {
-      }
+      mac[x / 2] |= (c - 'a' + 10) << ((x & 1) ? 0 : 4);
-      else if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
+      ++x;
-      {
-        mac[x / 2] |= (c - 'a' + 10) << ((x & 1) ? 0 : 4);
-        ++x;
-      }
     }
-    success = x / 2 == MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE;
   }
-  return success;
+
+  // A valid 48-bit MAC address consists of 6 octets, where each
+  // nibble is a character in the MAC address, making 12 characters
+  // in total.
+  if (x / 2 != MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE)
+    return {};
+
+  return std::make_optional(mac);
 }
 }  // namespace Common

Source/Core/Common/Network.h

@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
+#include <array>
+#include <optional>
 #include <string>
 
 #include "Common/CommonTypes.h"
@@ -21,7 +23,9 @@ enum
   MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE = 6
 };
 
-void GenerateMacAddress(const MACConsumer type, u8* mac);
+using MACAddress = std::array<u8, MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE>;
-std::string MacAddressToString(const u8* mac);
+
-bool StringToMacAddress(const std::string& mac_string, u8* mac);
+MACAddress GenerateMacAddress(MACConsumer type);
+std::string MacAddressToString(const MACAddress& mac);
+std::optional<MACAddress> StringToMacAddress(const std::string& mac_string);
 }  // namespace Common

Source/Core/Core/HW/EXI/EXI_DeviceEthernet.cpp

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 #include "Core/HW/EXI/EXI_DeviceEthernet.h"
 
 #include <memory>
+#include <optional>
 #include <string>
 
 #include "Common/ChunkFile.h"
@@ -33,16 +34,17 @@ CEXIETHERNET::CEXIETHERNET()
   // Parse MAC address from config, and generate a new one if it doesn't
   // exist or can't be parsed.
   std::string& mac_addr_setting = SConfig::GetInstance().m_bba_mac;
-  u8 mac_addr[Common::MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE] = {0};
+  std::optional<Common::MACAddress> mac_addr = Common::StringToMacAddress(mac_addr_setting);
 
-  if (!Common::StringToMacAddress(mac_addr_setting, mac_addr))
+  if (!mac_addr)
   {
-    Common::GenerateMacAddress(Common::MACConsumer::BBA, mac_addr);
+    mac_addr = Common::GenerateMacAddress(Common::MACConsumer::BBA);
-    mac_addr_setting = Common::MacAddressToString(mac_addr);
+    mac_addr_setting = Common::MacAddressToString(mac_addr.value());
     SConfig::GetInstance().SaveSettings();
   }
 
-  memcpy(&mBbaMem[BBA_NAFR_PAR0], mac_addr, Common::MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE);
+  const auto& mac = mac_addr.value();
+  memcpy(&mBbaMem[BBA_NAFR_PAR0], mac.data(), mac.size());
 
   // HACK: .. fully established 100BASE-T link
   mBbaMem[BBA_NWAYS] = NWAYS_LS100 | NWAYS_LPNWAY | NWAYS_100TXF | NWAYS_ANCLPT;

Source/Core/Core/IOS/Network/IP/Top.cpp

@@ -878,10 +878,11 @@ IPCCommandResult NetIPTop::HandleGetInterfaceOptRequest(const IOCtlVRequest& req
     break;
 
   case 0x1004:  // mac address
-    u8 address[Common::MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE];
+  {
-    IOS::Net::GetMACAddress(address);
+    const Common::MACAddress address = IOS::Net::GetMACAddress();
-    Memory::CopyToEmu(request.io_vectors[0].address, address, sizeof(address));
+    Memory::CopyToEmu(request.io_vectors[0].address, address.data(), address.size());
     break;
+  }
 
   case 0x1005:  // link state
     Memory::Write_U32(1, request.io_vectors[0].address);

Source/Core/Core/IOS/Network/MACUtils.cpp

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 #include "Core/IOS/Network/MACUtils.h"
 
+#include <optional>
 #include <string>
 
 #include "Common/CommonTypes.h"
@@ -15,13 +16,13 @@
 
 namespace IOS::Net
 {
-static void SaveMACAddress(const u8* mac)
+static void SaveMACAddress(const Common::MACAddress& mac)
 {
   SConfig::GetInstance().m_WirelessMac = Common::MacAddressToString(mac);
   SConfig::GetInstance().SaveSettings();
 }
 
-void GetMACAddress(u8* mac)
+Common::MACAddress GetMACAddress()
 {
   // Parse MAC address from config, and generate a new one if it doesn't
   // exist or can't be parsed.
@@ -30,19 +31,22 @@ void GetMACAddress(u8* mac)
   if (Core::WantsDeterminism())
     wireless_mac = "12:34:56:78:9a:bc";
 
-  if (!Common::StringToMacAddress(wireless_mac, mac))
+  std::optional<Common::MACAddress> mac = Common::StringToMacAddress(wireless_mac);
+
+  if (!mac)
   {
-    Common::GenerateMacAddress(Common::MACConsumer::IOS, mac);
+    mac = Common::GenerateMacAddress(Common::MACConsumer::IOS);
-    SaveMACAddress(mac);
+    SaveMACAddress(mac.value());
     if (!wireless_mac.empty())
     {
       ERROR_LOG(IOS_NET,
                 "The MAC provided (%s) is invalid. We have "
                 "generated another one for you.",
-                Common::MacAddressToString(mac).c_str());
+                Common::MacAddressToString(mac.value()).c_str());
     }
   }
 
-  INFO_LOG(IOS_NET, "Using MAC address: %s", Common::MacAddressToString(mac).c_str());
+  INFO_LOG(IOS_NET, "Using MAC address: %s", Common::MacAddressToString(mac.value()).c_str());
+  return mac.value();
 }
 }  // namespace IOS::Net

Source/Core/Core/IOS/Network/MACUtils.h

@@ -4,9 +4,9 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
-#include "Common/CommonTypes.h"
+#include "Common/Network.h"
 
 namespace IOS::Net
 {
-void GetMACAddress(u8* mac);
+Common::MACAddress GetMACAddress();
 }  // namespace IOS::Net

Source/Core/Core/IOS/Network/NCD/Manage.cpp

@@ -65,12 +65,13 @@ IPCCommandResult NetNCDManage::IOCtlV(const IOCtlVRequest& request)
     break;
 
   case IOCTLV_NCD_GETWIRELESSMACADDRESS:
+  {
     INFO_LOG(IOS_NET, "NET_NCD_MANAGE: IOCTLV_NCD_GETWIRELESSMACADDRESS");
 
-    u8 address[Common::MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE];
+    const Common::MACAddress address = IOS::Net::GetMACAddress();
-    IOS::Net::GetMACAddress(address);
+    Memory::CopyToEmu(request.io_vectors.at(1).address, address.data(), address.size());
-    Memory::CopyToEmu(request.io_vectors.at(1).address, address, sizeof(address));
     break;
+  }
 
   default:
     INFO_LOG(IOS_NET, "NET_NCD_MANAGE IOCtlV: %#x", request.request);

Source/Core/Core/IOS/Network/WD/Command.cpp

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 #include "Core/IOS/Network/WD/Command.h"
 
+#include <algorithm>
 #include <cstring>
 #include <string>
 
@@ -65,9 +66,8 @@ IPCCommandResult NetWDCommand::IOCtlV(const IOCtlVRequest& request)
     memcpy(info->country, "US", 2);
     info->ntr_allowed_channels = Common::swap16(0xfffe);
 
-    u8 address[Common::MAC_ADDRESS_SIZE];
+    const Common::MACAddress address = IOS::Net::GetMACAddress();
-    IOS::Net::GetMACAddress(address);
+    std::copy(address.begin(), address.end(), info->mac);
-    memcpy(info->mac, address, sizeof(info->mac));
   }
   break;
 

Source/Core/Core/IOS/USB/Bluetooth/BTReal.cpp

@@ -514,8 +514,7 @@ void BluetoothReal::LoadLinkKeys()
     if (index == std::string::npos)
       continue;
 
-    bdaddr_t address;
+    bdaddr_t address = Common::StringToMacAddress(pair.substr(0, index)).value();
-    Common::StringToMacAddress(pair.substr(0, index), address.data());
     std::reverse(address.begin(), address.end());
 
     const std::string& key_string = pair.substr(index + 1);
@@ -540,7 +539,7 @@ void BluetoothReal::SaveLinkKeys()
     bdaddr_t address;
     // Reverse the address so that it is stored in the correct order in the config file
     std::reverse_copy(entry.first.begin(), entry.first.end(), address.begin());
-    oss << Common::MacAddressToString(address.data());
+    oss << Common::MacAddressToString(address);
     oss << '=';
     oss << std::hex;
     for (const u16& data : entry.second)