---
title: Project Organization and File Colocation
nav_title: Project Organization
description: Learn how to organize your Next.js project and colocate files.
related:
links:
- app/building-your-application/routing/defining-routes
- app/building-your-application/routing/route-groups
- app/building-your-application/configuring/src-directory
- app/building-your-application/configuring/absolute-imports-and-module-aliases
---
Apart from [routing folder and file conventions](/docs/getting-started/project-structure#app-routing-conventions), Next.js is **unopinionated** about how you organize and colocate your project files.
This page shares default behavior and features you can use to organize your project.
- [Safe colocation by default](#safe-colocation-by-default)
- [Project organization features](#project-organization-features)
- [Project organization strategies](#project-organization-strategies)
## Safe colocation by default
In the `app` directory, [nested folder hierarchy](/docs/app/building-your-application/routing#route-segments) defines route structure.
Each folder represents a route segment that is mapped to a corresponding segment in a URL path.
However, even though route structure is defined through folders, a route is **not publically accessible** until a `page.js` or `route.js` file is added to a route segment.
And, even when a route is made publically accessible, only the **content returned** by `page.js` or `route.js` is sent to the client.
This means that **project files** can be **safely colocated** inside route segments in the `app` directory without accidentally being routable.
> **Good to know**:
>
> - This is different from the `pages` directory, where any file in `pages` is considered a route.
> - While you **can** colocate your project files in `app` you don't **have** to. If you prefer, you can [keep them outside the `app` directory](#store-project-files-outside-of-app).
## Project organization features
Next.js provides several features to help you organize your project.
### Private Folders
Private folders can be created by prefixing a folder with an underscore: `_folderName`
This indicates the folder is a private implementation detail and should not be considered by the routing system, thereby **opting the folder and all its subfolders** out of routing.
Since files in the `app` directory can be [safely colocated by default](#safe-colocation-by-default), private folders are not required for colocation. However, they can be useful for:
- Separating UI logic from routing logic.
- Consistently organizing internal files across a project and the Next.js ecosystem.
- Sorting and grouping files in code editors.
- Avoiding potential naming conflicts with future Next.js file conventions.
> **Good to know**
>
> - While not a framework convention, you might also consider marking files outside private folders as "private" using the same underscore pattern.
> - You can create URL segments that start with an underscore by prefixing the folder name with `%5F` (the URL-encoded form of an underscore): `%5FfolderName`.
> - If you don't use private folders, it would be helpful to know Next.js [special file conventions](/docs/getting-started/project-structure#routing-files) to prevent unexpected naming conflicts.
### Route Groups
Route groups can be created by wrapping a folder in parenthesis: `(folderName)`
This indicates the folder is for organizational purposes and should **not be included** in the route's URL path.
Route groups are useful for:
- [Organizing routes into groups](/docs/app/building-your-application/routing/route-groups#organize-routes-without-affecting-the-url-path) e.g. by site section, intent, or team.
- Enabling nested layouts in the same route segment level:
- [Creating multiple nested layouts in the same segment, including multiple root layouts](/docs/app/building-your-application/routing/route-groups#creating-multiple-root-layouts)
- [Adding a layout to a subset of routes in a common segment](/docs/app/building-your-application/routing/route-groups#opting-specific-segments-into-a-layout)
### `src` Directory
Next.js supports storing application code (including `app`) inside an optional [`src` directory](/docs/app/building-your-application/configuring/src-directory). This separates application code from project configuration files which mostly live in the root of a project.
### Module Path Aliases
Next.js supports [Module Path Aliases](/docs/app/building-your-application/configuring/absolute-imports-and-module-aliases) which make it easier to read and maintain imports across deeply nested project files.
```jsx filename="app/dashboard/settings/analytics/page.js"
// before
import { Button } from '../../../components/button'
// after
import { Button } from '@/components/button'
```
## Project organization strategies
There is no "right" or "wrong" way when it comes to organizing your own files and folders in a Next.js project.
The following section lists a very high-level overview of common strategies. The simplest takeaway is to choose a strategy that works for you and your team and be consistent across the project.
> **Good to know**: In our examples below, we're using `components` and `lib` folders as generalized placeholders, their naming has no special framework significance and your projects might use other folders like `ui`, `utils`, `hooks`, `styles`, etc.
### Store project files outside of `app`
This strategy stores all application code in shared folders in the **root of your project** and keeps the `app` directory purely for routing purposes.
### Store project files in top-level folders inside of `app`
This strategy stores all application code in shared folders in the **root of the `app` directory**.
### Split project files by feature or route
This strategy stores globally shared application code in the root `app` directory and **splits** more specific application code into the route segments that use them.