rsnext/errors/module-not-found.mdx
Delba de Oliveira 44d1a1cb15
docs: Migrate error messages to MDX and App Router. (#52038)
This PR is part of a larger effort to migrate error messages to MDX and
use App Router: https://github.com/vercel/front/pull/23459
2023-07-05 06:11:16 -07:00

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Text

---
title: Module Not Found
---
## Why This Error Occurred
A module not found error can occur for many different reasons:
- The module you're trying to import is not installed in your dependencies
- The module you're trying to import is in a different directory
- The module you're trying to import has a different casing
- The module you're trying to import uses Node.js specific modules, for example `dns`, outside of `getStaticProps` / `getStaticPaths` / `getServerSideProps`
## Possible Ways to Fix It
##### The module you're trying to import is not installed in your dependencies
When importing a module from [npm](https://npmjs.com) this module has to be installed locally.
For example when importing the `swr` package:
```js filename="example.js"
import useSWR from 'swr'
```
The `swr` module has to be installed using a package manager.
- When using `npm`: `npm install swr`
- When using `yarn`: `yarn add swr`
##### The module you're trying to import is in a different directory
Make sure that the path you're importing refers to the right directory and file.
##### The module you're trying to import has a different casing
Make sure the casing of the file is correct.
Example:
```js filename="components/MyComponent.js"
export default function MyComponent() {
return <h1>Hello</h1>
}
```
```jsx filename="pages/index.js"
// Note how `components/MyComponent` exists but `Mycomponent` without the capital `c` is imported
import MyComponent from '../components/Mycomponent'
```
Incorrect casing will lead to build failures on case-sensitive environments like most Linux-based continuous integration and can cause issues with Fast Refresh.
##### The module you're trying to import uses Node.js specific modules
`getStaticProps`, `getStaticPaths`, and `getServerSideProps` allow for using modules that can only run in the Node.js environment. This allows you to do direct database queries or reading data from Redis to name a few examples.
The tree shaking only runs on top level pages, so it can't be relied on in separate React components.
You can verify the tree shaking on [next-code-elimination.vercel.app](https://next-code-elimination.vercel.app/).
Example of correctly tree-shaken code:
```js filename="lib/redis.js"
import Redis from 'ioredis'
const redis = new Redis(process.env.REDIS_URL)
export default redis
```
```jsx filename="pages/index.js"
import redis from '../lib/redis'
export async function getStaticProps() {
const message = await redis.get('message')
return {
message,
}
}
export default function Home({ message }) {
return <h1>{message}</h1>
}
```
Example of code that would break:
```js filename="lib/redis.js"
import Redis from 'ioredis'
const redis = new Redis(process.env.REDIS_URL)
export default redis
```
```jsx filename="pages/index.js"
// Redis is a Node.js specific library that can't run in the browser
// Trying to use it in code that runs on both Node.js and the browser will result in a module not found error for modules that ioredis relies on
// If you run into such an error it's recommended to move the code to `getStaticProps` or `getServerSideProps` as those methods guarantee that the code is only run in Node.js.
import redis from '../lib/redis'
import { useEffect, useState } from 'react'
export default function Home() {
const [message, setMessage] = useState()
useEffect(() => {
redis.get('message').then((result) => {
setMessage(result)
})
}, [])
return <h1>{message}</h1>
}
```
Example of code that would break:
```js filename="lib/redis.js"
import Redis from 'ioredis'
// Modules that hold Node.js-only code can't also export React components
// Tree shaking of getStaticProps/getStaticPaths/getServerSideProps is ran only on page files
const redis = new Redis(process.env.REDIS_URL)
export function MyComponent() {
return <h1>Hello</h1>
}
export default redis
```
```jsx filename="pages/index.js"
// In practice you'll want to refactor the `MyComponent` to be a separate file so that tree shaking ensures that specific import is not included for the browser compilation
import redis, { MyComponent } from '../lib/redis'
export async function getStaticProps() {
const message = await redis.get('message')
return {
message,
}
}
export default function Home() {
return <MyComponent />
}
```